Learn more about IBS

What is IBS?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a condition that affects the digestive system. It can cause symptoms such as tummy pain, bloating, wind, diarrhoea and constipation.

IBS is called a functional disorder. This means the gut looks normal when tests are done, but it does not work as it should. Because of this, IBS can sometimes be difficult to diagnose.

IBS can affect people in different ways. Symptoms may come and go and can be triggered by stress, certain foods or changes in routine.

How is IBS diagnosed?

There is no single test for IBS. A doctor or healthcare professional will usually diagnose IBS by:

• Talking about your symptoms
• Asking how long you have had them
• Checking your medical history
• Looking for any warning signs that may need more tests

Sometimes blood tests or stool tests may be needed to rule out other conditions.

IBS is often diagnosed when symptoms have been present for at least 6 months and happen regularly.

When could my symptoms not be related to IBS?

Seek medical advice urgently (for example, from your GP or NHS 111) if you notice any of the following:

• Blood in your stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Waking at night with abdominal pain or diarrhoea
• Persistent fatigue
• A recent change in bowel habit (especially if over 40)
• A lump or swelling in the abdomen
• Severe or worsening abdominal pain

IBS does not usually cause symptoms such as bleeding, weight loss, or night-time symptoms. If these occur, further assessment is needed to rule out other conditions.

Do not ignore these symptoms, even if you have been diagnosed with IBS previously.

What dietary treatments are available for IBS?

Diet and lifestyle changes can help many people manage IBS symptoms. They are often used with other IBS treatments, like healthy habits and medicines from a doctor. A dietitian can support you to find the best approach for you.

Common dietary treatments include:

• Regular eating habits: eating meals at regular times and not skipping meals.
• Managing fibre intake: some people benefit from changing the amount or type of fibre they eat.
• Reducing trigger foods: such as fatty foods, caffeine, spicy foods or fizzy drinks.
• The low FODMAP diet: a short-term diet that reduces certain foods that can trigger IBS symptoms.
• Stress management and lifestyle support: stress, sleep, and activity levels can also affect symptoms.

Dietary treatment should always be personalised. Not every treatment works for everyone, and some diets should only be followed with support from a healthcare professional or dietitian.

How can I access this service?

If you’d like support from a dietitian to manage IBS symptoms, please speak to your GP or gastroenterologist about getting a referral.